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HMS ''Ramillies'' (pennant number: 07) was one of five s built for the Royal Navy during World War I. She was completed after the Battle of Jutland in 1916 and saw no combat during the war. She served with the Grand Fleet for the duration of the war. The ship was active throughout World War II, with service ranging from convoy escort to shore bombardment to engaging enemy battleships. ==Design and description== (詳細はfuel oil and coal, but First Sea Lord Jacky Fisher rescinded the decision for coal in October 1914. Still under construction, the ships were redesigned to employ oil-fired boilers that increased the power of the engines by over the original specification.〔Burt 1986, pp. 271–72, 81〕 ''Ramillies'' had a length overall of , a beam of and a deep draught of . She had a designed displacement of and displaced at deep load. She was powered by 2 sets of Parsons steam turbines, each driving two shafts, using steam from eighteen Babcock & Wilcox boilers. The turbines were rated at and intended to reach a maximum speed of . During her sea trials on 1 October 1917, the ship only reached a top speed of from .〔Burt 1986, pp. 276, 281〕 She had a range of at a cruising speed of .〔Burt 2012, p. 156〕 Her crew numbered 936 officers and enlisted men in 1917. Her metacentric height was at deep load.〔Burt 1986, pp. 276, 282〕 The ''Revenge'' class was equipped with eight breech-loading (BL) guns in four twin gun turrets, in two superfiring pairs fore and aft of the superstructure, designated 'A', 'B', 'X', and 'Y' from front to rear. Twelve of the fourteen guns were mounted in casemates along the broadside of the vessel amidshipsl; the remaining pair were mounted on the shelter deck and were protected by gun shields. The ship also mounted four 3-pounder () guns. Her anti-aircraft (AA) armament consisted of two quick-firing (QF) 〔"Cwt" is the abbreviation for hundredweight, 20 cwt referring to the weight of the gun.〕 guns. She was fitted with four submerged torpedo tubes, two on each broadside.〔Burt 1986, pp. 274–76〕 ''Ramillies'' was completed with two fire-control directors fitted with rangefinders. One was mounted above the conning tower, protected by an armoured hood, and the other was in the spotting top above the tripod foremast. Each turret was also fitted with a 15-foot rangefinder. The main armament could be controlled by 'X' turret as well. The secondary armament was primarily controlled by directors mounted on each side of the compass platform on the foremast once they were fitted in June 1918.〔Raven & Roberts, p. 33〕 A torpedo-control director with a 15-foot rangefinder was mounted at the aft end of the superstructure.〔Burt 1986, p. 276〕 The ship's waterline belt consisted of Krupp cemented armour (KC) that was thick between 'A' and 'Y' barbettes and thinned to 4 to 6 inches (102 to 152 mm) towards the ship's ends, but did not reach either the bow or the stern. Above this was a strake of armour 6 inches thick that extended between 'A' and 'X' barbettes. Transverse bulkheads 4 to 6 inches thick ran at an angle from the ends of the thickest part of the waterline belt to 'A' and 'Y' barbettes.〔Burt 1986, pp. 272–73, 276〕 The gun turrets were protected by of KC armour, except for the turret roofs which were thick. The barbettes ranged in thickness from above the upper deck, but were only 4 to 6 inches thick below it. The ''Revenge''-class ships had multiple armoured decks that ranged from in thickness.〔Raven & Roberts, p. 36〕 The main conning tower had 13 inches of armour on the sides with a 3-inch roof. The torpedo director in the rear superstructure had 6 inches of armour protecting it.〔Burt 1986, p. 277〕 While under construction ''Ramillies'' was fitted with an anti-torpedo bulge that ran the length of the ship between the fore and aft barbettes. It was divided into water-tight empty outer compartments and inner compartments filled with water-tight "crushing tubes" intended to absorb and distribute the force of an explosion. The space between the tubes was filled with wooden packing.〔Burt 1986, p. 280〕 In addition, 1 inch of high-tensile steel was added to the main deck over the magazines and additional anti-flash equipment was added in the magazines.〔Raven & Roberts, p. 44〕 The ship was fitted with flying-off platforms mounted on the roofs of 'B' and 'X' turrets in 1918, from which fighters and reconnaissance aircraft could launch.〔 During the 1933–34 refit, the platforms were removed from the turrets and a catapult was installed on the roof of 'X' turret, along with a crane to recover a seaplane.〔Burt 2012, p. 165〕 ===Major alterations=== The existing rangefinders in 'B' and 'X' turrets were replaced by models in 1919–21 and her anti-aircraft defences were upgraded by the replacement of the original three-inch AA guns with a pair of AA guns during a short refit in 1924. ''Ramillies'' was refitted in 1926–27, when her bulge was extended above her waterline and the "crushing tubes" were removed from most of the lower bulge.〔Raven & Roberts, pp. 44, 139〕 An additional pair of four-inch AA guns were added, the six-inch guns from the shelter deck were removed and a simple high-angle rangefinder was added above the bridge.〔 During a more extensive refit in 1933–34, a High-Angle Control System (HACS) Mk I director replaced the high-angle rangefinder on the spotting top and another replaced the torpedo director aft. A pair of quadruple mounts for Vickers .50 machine guns were added abreast the conning tower and the mainmast was reconstructed as a tripod to support the weight of the second HACS. In addition the aft pair of torpedo tubes were removed.〔Raven & Roberts, p. 182〕 By June 1938 the single mounts of the AA guns were replaced by twin mounts, the forward torpedo tubes were removed, a radio-direction finding office was added and the catapult was removed.〔Burt 2012, p. 170〕 Wartime modifications for the ''Revenge''-class ships were fairly minimal. By 1943 ''Ramillies'' was fitted with a Type 279 early-warning radar, a Type 273 surface-search radar, a Type 284B gunnery radar for the main guns, a pair of Type 285 anti-aircraft gunnery sets and two Type 282 radars for the "pom-poms". A Type 650 radio-guided missile jammer was added before June 1944. Two four-barrel "pom-poms" were added in late 1941 atop 'B' and 'X' turrets as well as ten 20 mm Oerlikon guns that replaced the quadruple .50-caliber mounts. To save weight and make more room available for the additional crew required to man the new equipment like the radars and Oerlikons, four 6-inch guns were removed in 1943. In April of that year 10 more Oerlikons were added and an additional three in 1944/45.〔Raven & Roberts, pp. 166, 187, 189〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「HMS Ramillies (07)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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